New York State Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Practice Exam

What best defines anaphylaxis?

1. A moderate allergic reaction affecting vasculature

2. An extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

3. A severe allergic reaction that resolves without treatment

4. An allergic reaction causing bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

The correct answer is: An extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

Anaphylaxis is best defined as an extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems. This condition is characterized by a rapid onset of severe symptoms that can involve respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and integumentary systems. Key signs often include difficulty breathing due to airway swelling, a sudden drop in blood pressure, rapid or weak pulse, hives, and potentially life-threatening conditions such as shock. The core aspect of anaphylaxis is its systemic nature; it typically affects the whole body rather than being localized to a single area. This widespread impact distinguishes anaphylaxis from less severe allergic reactions which might only involve minor symptoms like localized itching or hives. Recognizing anaphylaxis is crucial because it requires immediate medical intervention, often including the administration of epinephrine to counteract the severe allergic response and prevent fatal outcomes.